MATLAB ：【12】手把手教你在Linux以命令行方式（静默方式/非图形化方式）安装MATLAB（正版）
碎碎念：
（我知道我已经鸽了两个月，但是已经攒了很多的稿子没有发）大家好，由于实验室的服务器中没有提供MATLAB的计算资源（
事实证明是我不知道QAQ），在Ubuntu中安装了非图形的MATLAB。通过参考其他博主的思路，并且利用T大提供的正版资源，中间踩了不少坑，最终实现了非图形化的安装过程。
P.S. 最近在学着录一些技术讲解视频，喜欢的朋友可以看过来哇！（下跪orz）Kirito99的个人空间-Kirito99个人主页-哔哩哔哩视频
目录
1 环境介绍
2 Linux安装MATLAB
2.1 下载对应MATLAB版本
2.2 服务器配置
2.3 MATLAB安装
2.4 MATLAB测试
2.5 配置环境变量
3 参考博客
1 环境介绍
我的服务器系统是Linux的Ubuntu并且没有非图形界面。
所安装的版本是MATLAB的R2021a Linux版本，并且使用非图形界面进行启动。
下面具体介绍安装过程~
2 Linux安装MATLAB
2.1 下载对应MATLAB版本
如果是T大的同学可以直接在学校网站下载对应的Linux版本即可，或者可以在网络上找到合适的安装包。
如果是安装到服务器，可以使用xftp将文件上传到 cd ~ 目录下。
或者本地可以直接使用U盘即可。
同时也要同步上传network.lic这个文件，一并放在同一个目录下。
对于T大同学来说，可以在网站的这个地方找到：
打开后包含如下内容，里面就包含了所需的lic文件。
将network.lic也上传到根目录：
同时需要保存好MATLAB安装序列号，T大的在sn.txt文件中，之后会用到。
2.2 服务器配置
使用SSH连接服务器（本地Linux可以忽略），之后进入命令行操作
更新软件库：apt-get update
安装sudo：apt-get install sudo
升级apt-get：sudo apt-get upgrade
注意这一步比较慢（5-10min）
保持旧版本，选2：
输入：sudo apt-get install build-essential
输入：sudo apt-get install yum
选Y
检测yum是否安装成功，输入yum
出现下面表示成功
安装解压缩软件：sudo apt install p7zip-full p7zip-rar
输入Y：
安装x11库：sudo apt-get install -y libx11-dev
安装库：sudo apt-get install xorg-dev
输入Y
至此，就完成了服务器环境的一些配置，之后可以开始安装MATLAB了！
2.3 MATLAB安装
进入根目录：cd ~
查看文件：ls
新建matlab文件夹：mkdir matlab
解压ISO文件到matlab目录：7z x R2021a_Linux.iso -o./matlab
查看解压后的文件
进入目录：cd matlab/
查看文件：ls
出现上述的内容，证明解压成功。
回到根目录：cd ~
创建安装目录：mkdir ~/Matlab_R2021a
创建安装配置文件：touch ~/installer_input.txt
编辑配置文件：vim ~/installer_input.txt
输入i进入编辑模式
在里面输入以下内容：
##################################################################
##
## Use this file to specify parameters required by the installer at runtime.
##
## Instructions for using this file.
##
## 1. Create a copy of this template file and fill in the required
## information.
##
## 2. Uncomment only those lines that start with a single '#'
## and set the desired values. All allowed values for the
## parameters are defined in the comments section for each
## parameter.
##
## 3. Launch the installer from the command line, using the -inputFile option
## to specify the name of your installer initialization file.
##
## (Windows) setup.exe -inputFile <file_name>
## (Linux/macOS) install -inputFile <file_name>
##
##################################################################
##
##
## SPECIFY INSTALLATION FOLDER
##
## Example:
## (Windows) destinationFolder=C:\Program Files\MATLAB\RXXXX
## (Linux) destinationFolder=/usr/local/RXXXX
## (macOS) destinationFolder=/Applications
##
## Set the desired value for destinationFolder and
## uncomment the line.
destinationFolder=/root/Matlab_R2021a
##
## SPECIFY FILE INSTALLATION KEY
##
## Example: fileInstallationKey=xxxxx-xxxxx-xxxxx-xxxxx.....
##
## Set the desired value for fileInstallationKey and
## uncomment the line.
##
fileInstallationKey=XXXXX-XXXXX-XXXXX-XXXXX-XXXXX-XXXXX-XXXXX-XXXXX-XXXXX-XXXXX-XXXXX-XXXXX-XXXXX-XXXXX-XXXXX-XXXXX-XXXXX-XXXXX-XXXXX-XXXXX-XXXXX-XXXXX-XXXXX-XXXXX
##
## ACCEPT LICENSE AGREEMENT
##
## You must agree to the license agreement to install MathWorks products.
## The license agreement can be found in the license_agreement.txt file at the
## root level of the installation DVD.
##
## Example: agreeToLicense=yes
##
## Set agreeToLicense value to yes or no and
## uncomment the line.
agreeToLicense=yes
##
## SPECIFY OUTPUT LOG
##
## Specify full path of file into which you want the results of the
## installation to be recorded.
##
## Example:
## (Windows) outputFile=C:\TEMP\mathworks_<user_name>.log
## (Linux/macOS) outputFile=/tmp/mathworks_<user_name>.log
##
## Set the desired value for outputFile and
## uncomment the line.
outputFile=/root/matlab_install.log
##
## Enable Login Named User licensing
##
## Set to Yes to enable use of a Login Named User license for all users of this MATLAB installation
## Users must log in to their MathWorks Account when MATLAB starts.
##
## Example: enableLNU=yes
##
## NOTE: This flag is valid in silent installations only.
# enableLNU=yes
##
## IMPROVE MATLAB
##
## Improve MATLAB by sending user experience information to MathWorks.
## Your participation ensures that you are represented and helps us design
## better products. You can opt in or out of this service either during
## installation or by going to MATLAB preferences.
## https://www.mathworks.com/support/faq/user_experience_information_faq.html
improveMATLAB=yes
########## Begin: Options for Network License Types #########
##
## SPECIFY PATH TO LICENSE FILE (Required for network license types only)
##
## This value is required when installing as a Network End-User
## Example:
## (Windows) licensePath=C:\TEMP\license.dat
## (Linux) licensePath=/tmp/license.dat
## Set the desired value for licensePath and
## uncomment the line.
licensePath=/root/network.lic
########## End: Options for Network License Types #########
################# Begin - Windows Only Options ################
##
## CHOOSE TO SET FILE ASSOCIATIONS
##
## Set to true if you want the installer to associate file types used by MathWorks
## products to this version of MATLAB, or false if you do not want the installer to
## associate MathWorks file types with this version of MATLAB.
##
## Default value is true.
##
## Set setFileAssoc value to true or false and
## uncomment the line.
# setFileAssoc=true
##
## CHOOSE TO CREATE WINDOWS DESKTOP SHORTCUT
##
## Set to true if you would like the installer to create a desktop shortcut icon
## when MATLAB is installed or false if you don't want the shortcut created.
##
## Default value is false.
##
## Set desktopShortcut value to true or false and
## uncomment the line.
# desktopShortcut=false
## CHOOSE TO ADD SHORTCUT TO WINDOWS START MENU
##
## Set to true if you would like the installer to create a Start Menu shortcut
## icon when MATLAB is installed or false if you don't want the shortcut created.
##
## Default value is true.
##
## Set startMenuShortcut value to true or false and
## uncomment the line.
# startMenuShortcut=true
## CREATE a MATLAB Startup Accelerator task
##
## The MATLAB Startup Accelerator installer creates a
## system task to preload MATLAB into the system's cache
## for faster startup.
##
## NOTE: By default, a MATLAB Startup Accelerator task will
## automatically be created.
##
## If you want a MATLAB Startup Accelerator task to be created,
## do not edit this section.
##
## Set createAccelTask value to false if you do not want to
## create an Accelerator task and uncomment the line.
# createAccelTask=true
################ End - Windows Only Options ################
## SPECIFY PRODUCTS YOU WANT TO INSTALL
##
## By default, the installer installs all the products and
## documentation for which you are licensed. Products you are not licensed for
## are not installed, even if they are listed here.
##
## Note:
## 1. To automatically install all your licensed products, do not edit
## any lines in this section.
##
## 2. To install a specific product or a subset of products for
## which you are licensed, uncomment the line for the product(s) you want
## to install.
#product.5G_Toolbox
#product.AUTOSAR_Blockset
#product.Aerospace_Blockset
#product.Aerospace_Toolbox
#product.Antenna_Toolbox
#product.Audio_Toolbox
#product.Automated_Driving_Toolbox
#product.Bioinformatics_Toolbox
#product.Communications_Toolbox
#product.Computer_Vision_Toolbox
#product.Control_System_Toolbox
#product.Curve_Fitting_Toolbox
#product.DDS_Blockset
#product.DO_Qualification_Kit
#product.DSP_System_Toolbox
#product.Data_Acquisition_Toolbox
#product.Database_Toolbox
#product.Datafeed_Toolbox
#product.Deep_Learning_HDL_Toolbox
#product.Deep_Learning_Toolbox
#product.Econometrics_Toolbox
#product.Embedded_Coder
#product.Filter_Design_HDL_Coder
#product.Financial_Instruments_Toolbox
#product.Financial_Toolbox
#product.Fixed-Point_Designer
#product.Fuzzy_Logic_Toolbox
#product.GPU_Coder
#product.Global_Optimization_Toolbox
#product.HDL_Coder
#product.HDL_Verifier
#product.IEC_Certification_Kit
#product.Image_Acquisition_Toolbox
#product.Image_Processing_Toolbox
#product.Instrument_Control_Toolbox
#product.LTE_Toolbox
#product.Lidar_Toolbox
#product.MATLAB
#product.MATLAB_Coder
#product.MATLAB_Compiler
#product.MATLAB_Compiler_SDK
#product.MATLAB_Parallel_Server
#product.MATLAB_Production_Server
#product.MATLAB_Report_Generator
#product.MATLAB_Web_App_Server
#product.Mapping_Toolbox
#product.Mixed-Signal_Blockset
#product.Model_Predictive_Control_Toolbox
#product.Model-Based_Calibration_Toolbox
#product.Motor_Control_Blockset
#product.Navigation_Toolbox
#product.OPC_Toolbox
#product.Optimization_Toolbox
#product.Parallel_Computing_Toolbox
#product.Partial_Differential_Equation_Toolbox
#product.Phased_Array_System_Toolbox
#product.Polyspace_Bug_Finder
#product.Polyspace_Bug_Finder_Server
#product.Polyspace_Code_Prover
#product.Polyspace_Code_Prover_Server
#product.Powertrain_Blockset
#product.Predictive_Maintenance_Toolbox
#product.RF_Blockset
#product.RF_Toolbox
#product.ROS_Toolbox
#product.Radar_Toolbox
#product.Reinforcement_Learning_Toolbox
#product.Risk_Management_Toolbox
#product.Robotics_System_Toolbox
#product.Robust_Control_Toolbox
#product.Satellite_Communications_Toolbox
#product.Sensor_Fusion_and_Tracking_Toolbox
#product.SerDes_Toolbox
#product.Signal_Processing_Toolbox
#product.SimBiology
#product.SimEvents
#product.Simscape
#product.Simscape_Driveline
#product.Simscape_Electrical
#product.Simscape_Fluids
#product.Simscape_Multibody
#product.Simulink
#product.Simulink_3D_Animation
#product.Simulink_Check
#product.Simulink_Code_Inspector
#product.Simulink_Coder
#product.Simulink_Compiler
#product.Simulink_Control_Design
#product.Simulink_Coverage
#product.Simulink_Design_Optimization
#product.Simulink_Design_Verifier
#product.Simulink_Desktop_Real-Time
#product.Simulink_PLC_Coder
#product.Simulink_Real-Time
#product.Simulink_Report_Generator
#product.Simulink_Requirements
#product.Simulink_Test
#product.SoC_Blockset
#product.Spreadsheet_Link
#product.Stateflow
#product.Statistics_and_Machine_Learning_Toolbox
#product.Symbolic_Math_Toolbox
#product.System_Composer
#product.System_Identification_Toolbox
#product.Text_Analytics_Toolbox
#product.UAV_Toolbox
#product.Vehicle_Dynamics_Blockset
#product.Vehicle_Network_Toolbox
#product.Vision_HDL_Toolbox
#product.WLAN_Toolbox
#product.Wavelet_Toolbox
#product.Wireless_HDL_Toolbox
其中的
destinationFolder=/root/Matlab_R2021a，
outputFile=/root/matlab_install.log
licensePath=/root/network.lic
需要注意填写绝对路径而不是相对路径。
其中的
fileInstallationKey=XXXXX-XXXXX-XXXXX-XXXXX-XXXXX-XXXXX-XXXXX-XXXXX-XXXXX-XXXXX-XXXXX-XXXXX-XXXXX-XXXXX-XXXXX-XXXXX-XXXXX-XXXXX-XXXXX-XXXXX-XXXXX-XXXXX-XXXXX-XXXXX
需要自己注意修改为对应的安装序列号（T大同学可以在sn.txt中找到自己版本对应的序列号）~
输入完成后，点击Esc退出编辑
输入 :wq 保存结果
修改安装配置文件的权限：sudo chmod 444 ~/installer_input.txt
进入解压后的文件夹：cd matlab
修改文件的权限：chmod a+x -R ./*
返回~目录：运行 cd ~
进入安装路径文件夹：cd Matlab_R2021a
修改文件的权限：chmod a+x -R ./
返回~目录：运行 cd ~
开始安装：sudo matlab/install -inputFile ./installer_input.txt
这一步需要等待一段时间（20min左右）。
可以再开一个端口查看log文件里面的进度。
2.4 MATLAB测试
运行matlab：~/Matlab_R2022a/bin/matlab
证明安装成功。
如果提示需要激活，运行同目录下的激活文件：~/Matlab_R2022a/bin/activate_matlab.sh
即可。
2.5 配置环境变量
编辑配置：vim ~/.bashrc
在最后添加文字（第二行主要是设置自动运行非图形界面）：
export PATH="/root/ Matlab_R2021a/bin:$PATH"
alias matlab='/root/Matlab_R2021a/bin/matlab -nodesktop -nodisplay'
输入Esc，退出编辑模式
输入 :wq，保存并退出
更新配置：source ~/.bashrc
再次测试，直接输入matlab：
安装成功！
3 参考博客
非常感谢@Δεν ξέρω提供的帮助
Linux无图形界面安装matlab（正版）_linux matlab激活_Δεν ξέρω的博客-CSDN博客
这就是本期的全部内容啦，如果你喜欢我的文章，不要忘了点赞+收藏+关注，分享给身边的朋友哇~